Policies:

Laravel provides a simple and flexible way to authorize user actions on resources, using "Policies". A policy is a class that defines a set of rules to determine if a user is authorized to perform a specific action on a resource.

For example, a policy could be defined to determine if a user is authorized to update a post. The policy would check if the user is the author of the post and if so, authorize the action.

Gates:

Gates in laravel are a way to define authorization logic for your application. Gates are similar to policies but offer a simpler way to define authorization rules in some cases. In Laravel, Gates defines a simple true or false answer to a given authorization question.

For example, you might have a gate that determines if a user is an administrator, or if a user is the owner of a particular resource.

Guards:

In Laravel, guards define which authentication mechanism should be used for a particular request. A guard defines how incoming requests are authenticated, for example, via session-based authentication or token-based authentication.

By default, Laravel provides two guards: web and API. The web guard is used for session-based authentication and is typically used for web applications while the API guard is used for token-based authentication and is typically used for API requests.

Jobs:

In Laravel, Jobs are used to run long-running tasks asynchronously. They are typically used for tasks that are not critical to the user experience, such as sending emails, processing emails, processing images, or generating reports. Jobs in Laravel are created as classes, with each job class defining a single task that should be performed. For example, you might create a job class to send a welcome email to a new user or generate a report and store it in a database.

Queue:

In Laravel, a queue is a mechanism for deferring the processing of a time-consuming task such as sending an email or generating a report, until a later time. Instead of processing the task immediately, the task is added to a queue, which is processed by a background worker process.

Queues in laravel are managed by queue workers, which listen for new tasks on the queue and execute them. This allows you to run time-consuming tasks asynchronously, improving the performance and responsiveness of your application.

Laravel supports multiple queue backends, including relational databases, Redis and Amazon SQS, so you can choose the backend that best fits your needs.

Facade:

In Laravel a Facade is a structural design pattern that provides a simplified interface to a complex system. A facade

is an object-oriented class that provides a single, unified, high-level API for a set of related underlying classes.

Facade provides a simple, static interface to services provided by the Laravel service container. They allow you to access Laravels services such as logging, caching and database operations, without having to instantiate a new instance of the underlying class.

Broadcasting:

Broadcasting in laravel refers to sending real-time notifications or updates to multiple clients simultaneously for example through web sockets. Laravel provides support for broadcasting through integrations with various broadcasting services, such as pusher, Redis and others which allow you to build real-time interactive applications.

Events:

In Laravel, events are a way to trigger actions in response to specific actions or occurrences in your application. They allow you to separate different parts of your application and respond to specific actions in a decoupled manner.

For example, when a user registers on your site, you might want to send a welcome email. You could create an event that is triggered when a user is registered and then bind a listener to that event to send the email.

In Laravel, events can be triggered either manually or automatically in response to actions within your application.

Service Provider:

Service Providers are the building blocks of laravel's application bootstrapping process. When your application starts, Laravel checks the Service Providers defined in the config/app.php file and loads them accordingly.

A Service Provider class typically contains two methods: register and boot. The register method is used to register the components. The boot method is used to bootstrap any additional components.

Service Containers:

In Laravel, a service container is a powerful tool for managing class dependencies and performing dependency injection. It acts as a central repository for storing instances of classes and makes it easy to manage and reuse these instances throughout your application.

The service container is essentially a powerful registry that maps abstractions to concrete implementations. When a class requires a dependency, the service container can instantiate and provide the required dependency.